Cushings Syndrome (CS):

What is Cushing Syndrome ?

Cushing syndrome is a rare disorder caused by prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids. There are two types of Cushing syndrome: exogenous (caused by factors outside the body) and endogenous (caused by factors within the body). The symptoms for both are the same.1,2

How Common is Cushing Syndrome?

Endogenous Cushing syndrome is rare, with an incidence of 0.7–2.4 per million population per year.2

Cushing's Syndrom

What are the signs ?

Clinical presentation can be highly variable, and establishing the diagnosis can often be difficult. Most common signs and symptoms: 1,2

Weight gain; rounded face (moon face); fat pads around neck (buffalo hump)
Skin (e.g. violaceous striae)
Musculoskeletal (e.g. muscle weakness)
Metabolic (e.g. hypertension)
Neuropsychiatric (e.g. depression)
Gonads (e.g. menstrual irregularity)
Cushing's Syndrom

What are the signs ?

Clinical presentation can be highly variable, and establishing the diagnosis can often be difficult. Most common signs and symptoms: 1,2

Weight gain; rounded face (moon face); fat pads around neck (buffalo hump)
Skin (e.g. violaceous striae)
Musculoskeletal (e.g. muscle weakness)
Metabolic (e.g. hypertension)
Neuropsychiatric (e.g. depression)
Gonads (e.g. menstrual irregularity)
Cushing's Syndrom

What are the signs ?

Clinical presentation can be highly variable, and establishing the diagnosis can often be difficult. Most common signs and symptoms: 1,2

Weight gain; rounded face (moon face); fat pads around neck (buffalo hump)
Skin (e.g. violaceous striae)
Musculoskeletal (e.g. muscle weakness)
Metabolic (e.g. hypertension)
Neuropsychiatric (e.g. depression)
Gonads (e.g. menstrual irregularity)
Cushing's Syndrom

What are the signs ?

Clinical presentation can be highly variable, and establishing the diagnosis can often be difficult. Most common signs and symptoms: 1,2

Weight gain; rounded face (moon face); fat pads around neck (buffalo hump)
Skin (e.g. violaceous striae)
Musculoskeletal (e.g. muscle weakness)
Metabolic (e.g. hypertension)
Neuropsychiatric (e.g. depression)
Gonads (e.g. menstrual irregularity)
Cushing's Syndrom

What are the signs ?

Clinical presentation can be highly variable, and establishing the diagnosis can often be difficult. Most common signs and symptoms: 1,2

Weight gain; rounded face (moon face); fat pads around neck (buffalo hump)
Skin (e.g. violaceous striae)
Musculoskeletal (e.g. muscle weakness)
Metabolic (e.g. hypertension)
Neuropsychiatric (e.g. depression)
Gonads (e.g. menstrual irregularity)

What Causes Cushing Syndrome ?

  • Exogenous Cushing Syndrome: Administration of supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids is the most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.1,2
  • Endogenous Cushing Syndrome: This type of Cushing syndrome is most often caused by hormone-secreting tumors of the adrenal glands (usually non-cancerous) or the pituitary (ACTH production), a gland located at the base of the brain.1,2
      • 80-85 % ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome: 75%–80% due to pituitary adenoma; Cushing disease, 15%–20% due to ACTH production from nonpituitary tumors.
      • 15-20% ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome in adults (90% unilateral adrenal tumors.)
References

1. https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/cushings-syndrome-and-cushing-disease  (Last accessed: July 16, 2025)

2. Sharma ST et al. Cushing’s syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management. Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Apr 17;7:281-93.